#Development history
The history of the development of tractors in the world: After Europe entered the steam engine era in the 19th century, tractors were gradually put into agricultural production. In 1889, the Chada Engine Company in Chicago, USA, manufactured the world's first agricultural tractor using a gasoline internal combustion engine, the "Baga". At the beginning of the 20th century, countries such as Sweden, Germany, Hungary and the United Kingdom almost simultaneously manufactured tractors powered by diesel internal combustion engines. In 1912, the German company Siemens produced electric tractors.
The history of tractor development in China: In July 1958, the first "Dongfanghong" tractor was successfully produced at the First Tractor Manufacturing Plant in Luoyang, Henan Province, ending the history of China's inability to produce tractors. After years of development, China now has the ability to mass-produce large, medium and small-sized tractors.
#Classification method
Classify by use
Ordinary tractors: They have a wide range of applications and are mainly used for mobile, fixed and transportation operations in farmland under general conditions, such as models like Fengshou - 180, Taishan - 25 and Tieniu - 650 tractors.
Intertillage tractor: Mainly suitable for intertillage operations, it is also used for other operations, such as the Changchun-400 type tractor.
Horticultural tractors: Mainly suitable for operations in orchards, vegetable fields, tea plantations and other places, they are characterized by small size, high maneuverability and low power, such as hand-guided tractors and small four-tractor.
Special-type tractors: Suitable for operation in special working environments or to meet certain special needs, such as boat-shaped tractors, mountain tractors, paddy field tractors, etc.
#Classified by the walking device
Crawler tractors: They are supported on the ground by a coiled circular track. They have good traction and adhesion performance, large single-machine traction force, large ground contact area, strong off-road performance, good stability, and can operate on damp and sticky land. However, they cannot be used for transportation operations, such as models like Dongfanghong-75 and Dongfanghong-802.
Wheeled tractors: They are equipped with 4 (or more) rubber wheels and are available in two drive forms: 2-wheel drive and 4-wheel drive. They can be used to drive farming machinery, sowing machinery, and harvesting machinery for dryland farming, sowing, and harvesting operations. They can also be used for loading goods and transportation.
Hand-guided tractors: Compact in size and highly maneuverable, they are suitable for farming and transportation in terraced fields and small plots. After being equipped with iron wheels or high-flowered wheels, they can also be used in paddy fields. They are suitable for use in both southern and northern regions and come in three types: driven, towed, and comprehensive.
Boat tractor Also known as a tractor, it combines tillage machinery with the hull. By taking advantage of the buoyancy of the hull, it reduces the sinking depth of the machine and the huge rolling resistance of the tractor in deep soft mud layer paddy fields, thereby ensuring the passability and working efficiency of the boat-type tractor. It is a new type of special-purpose tractor developed for tillage in deep soft mud layer paddy fields in southern China.
By power classification: They can be divided into large tractors, medium-sized tractors (with a power of 14.7-73.6 kilowatts, that is, 20-100 horsepower) and small tractors (with a power of 14.7 kilowatts, that is, less than 20 horsepower).
#Structural composition
The engine: It is the power source for the tractor to travel and operate. Generally, a diesel engine is used. It mainly consists of a crankshaft connecting rod mechanism, ventilation system, fuel supply system, lubrication system, cooling system, starting system and preheating device, etc.
Chassis: It connects the engine with various systems and components, converting the engine's power into the driving force and traction force required for the tractor's operation. It is mainly composed of multiple parts such as the transmission system, steering system, braking system, and traveling system.
Working device: Usually classified as part of the chassis, it is mainly used for towing, suspending and driving agricultural machinery to perform various agricultural machinery operations, including towing devices, power output devices and hydraulic suspension devices for driving agricultural machinery to work, etc.
Electrical equipment: mainly includes generators, batteries, lighting systems, instrument systems, air conditioning systems and navigation systems, etc.
